Pre-diabetes in India, as in other parts of the world, refers to a condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. Individuals with pre-diabetes have blood glucose levels that are elevated but not elevated to the level of diabetes.
In India, where diabetes is a significant health concern due to lifestyle factors, genetic predisposition, and other reasons, pre-diabetes is also a prevalent condition. Pre-diabetes is often seen as a warning sign that a person is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes if preventive measures are not taken.
The criteria for diagnosing pre-diabetes may vary slightly but generally involve blood glucose levels that fall between normal and diabetic ranges.
The decision to set diagnostic threshold values was based on the cost-effective
strategies for diagnosing diabetes that was reviewed in the Indian context.
Criteria for diagnosis of Prediabetes/ intermediate hyperglycemia:
● Impaired fasting glucose (IFG): FPG 110 mg/dL to 125 mg/dL
● Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT): 2-h plasma glucose (2-h PG) during 75-g OGTT
140 mg/dL to 199 mg/dL
● HbA1c ≥5.7%-6.4%.
People with pre-diabetes are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke if preventive measures are not taken. Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and adopting a balanced diet can help prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes in individuals with pre-diabetes. Additionally, some healthcare providers may recommend medications like metformin for certain individuals at high risk of developing diabetes.
In India, where diabetes is a significant public health challenge, efforts to diagnose and manage pre-diabetes are crucial for preventing the onset of type 2 diabetes and reducing the burden of diabetes-related complications. Therefore, regular screenings and health education initiatives are essential components of diabetes prevention and management programs in India
